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Water Science & Technology Vol 65 No 10 pp 1826–1833 © IWA Publishing 2012 doi:10.2166/wst.2012.870 High rate nitrogen removal by the CANON process at ambient temperatureLi Zhang, Jing Jiang, Jiachun Yang, Daisuke Hira and Kenji FurukawaGraduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto, 860-8555, JapanBeijing University of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Beijing 100044, China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, China Shenhua Group Corporation Ltd, Beijing 100011, China E-mail: yangjia6722@yahoo.com.cn ABSTRACT Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) is a cost-effective nitrogen removal process. Implementation of the CANON process relies on the cooperation of ammonium-oxidizing and Anammox bacteria, as well as the inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria. Strict limitations on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in the reactor, and the addition of sufficient inorganic carbon in the influent, were adopted as the main operational strategies. The reactor was fed with synthetic inorganic wastewater composed mainly of NH4+-N, and operated for 106 days. Stable nitrogen removal rates (NRR) of around 1.4 kg N m−3 d−1 were obtained at ambient temperature. Morphological characteristics and analysis of bacterial community confirmed the formation of functional outer aerobic and inner anaerobic granular sludge, providing evidence of stable nitrogen removal. Keywords: ambient temperature; anammox; CANON; DO limitation; nitrogen removal; SEM; sufficient inorganic carbon; 16S r RNA eProduct: Buy this article for £24.00 (IWA MEMBER PRICE: £18.00) All prices include VAT. For customers where VAT should not be applied, the VAT amount will be removed upon payment |
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