Water Science & Technology Vol 65 No 10 pp 1817–1825 © IWA Publishing 2012 doi:10.2166/wst.2012.082

High rate composting of herbal pharmaceutical industry solid waste

M. Ali, K. S. Duba, A. S. Kalamdhad, A. Bhatia, A. Khursheed, A. A. Kazmi and N. Ahmed

High rate composting studies of hard to degrade herbal wastes were conducted in a 3.5 m³ capacity rotary drum composter. Studies were spread out in four trials: In trial 1 and 2, one and two turns per day rotation was observed, respectively, by mixing of herbal industry waste with cattle (buffalo) manure at a ratio of 3:1 on wet weight basis. In trial 3 inocula was added in raw waste to enhance the degradation and in trial 4 composting of a mixture of vegetable market waste and herbal waste was conducted at one turn per day. Results demonstrated that the operation of the rotary drum at one turn a day (trial 1) could provide the most conducive composting conditions and co-composting (trial 4) gave better quality compost in terms of temperature, moisture, nitrogen, and Solvita maturity index. In addition a FT-IR study also revealed that trial 1 and trial 4 gave quality compost in terms of stability and maturity due to the presence of more intense peaks in the aromatic region and less intense peaks were found in the aliphatic region compared with trial 2 and trial 3.

Keywords: FT-IR; herbal industry waste; rotary drum composter; Solvita maturation index; vegetable market waste

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