Water Science & Technology Vol 55 No 1-2 pp 275–282 © IWA Publishing 2007 doi:10.2166/wst.2007.012
Water reclamation, reuse and public health
J.B. Rose
Homer Nowlin Chair in Water Research, Center for Water Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA (E-mail: rosejo@msu.edu)
ABSTRACT
The number of people who have limited access to high-quality water has increased, and while this is a growing global crisis, water issues, problems and solutions are often seen as localised. Water reuse and reclamation will play a significant role in achieving sustainability and public health protection in the future. The wastewater and reuse community should be responsible for monitoring sewage impacts and improvements as demonstrated through pathogen reduction with appropriate treatment. Viruses, Cryptosporidium and Giardia can all be reduced during treatment anywhere from 99% to 99.9999%, achieving drinking water quality, if so desired. Recommendations to achieve better access to scientific information for decision making include: 1) developing a global data base for biological contaminant loading from wastewater and 2) defining the public health protection via reuse and reclamation.
Keywords: Cryptosporidium; pathogens; risk assessment; treatment; viruses; waterborne disease; water safety
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