Water Science & Technology Vol 55 No 1-2 pp 163–167 © IWA Publishing 2007 doi:10.2166/wst.2007.051
Fungal biodegradation of carbofuran and carbofuran phenol by the fungus Mucor ramannianus: identification of metabolites
Jiyoung Seo*, Junho Jeon*, Sang-Don Kim**, Suil Kang***, Jaehong Han**** and Hor-Gil Hur**
*Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea
**Center for Water Research of GIST, Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 500-712, Korea (E-mail: hghur@gist.ac.kr)
***International Environmental Research Center, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, , Korea
****Metalloenzyme Research Group, BET Research Institute and Department of Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, , Korea
ABSTRACT
The fungus Mucor ramannianus was tested to elucidate the biological fate of a class of N-methyl carbamate pesticide carbofuran and its hydrolysed form carbofuran phenol. The elution profile obtained from analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a reverse-phase C-18 column showed that two peaks occurred after incubation of M. ramannianus with which 1 mM carbofuran was combined as a final concentration. In culture of M. ramannianus with 1 mM carbofuran phenol, it produced two other metabolites compared to metabolites of carbofuran. LC/MS analysis suggested that two of the metabolites produced from carbofuran phenol were most likely to be 2-hydoxy-3-(3-methylpropan-2-ol)phenol or 7a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2-dimethylhexahydro-6H-furo[2,3-b]pyran-6-one and 3-hydroxycarbofuran-7-phenol.
Keywords: Biodegradation; carbofuran; carbofuran phenol; fungus; Mucor ramannianus
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