Water Supply Vol 2 No 5-6 pp 209–216 © IWA Publishing 2002
Lead removal from drinking water - development and validation of point-of-use treatment devices
R. Sublet*, A. Boireau**, V.X. Yang***, M.-O. Simonnot**** and C. Autugelle*****
*Vivendi Water - Anjou Recherche, chemin de la Digue, BP76, F-78603 Maisons-Laffitte, France
**Vivendi Water - Générale des Eaux - Direction Technique, 18 boulevard Malesherbes, F-75008 Paris, France (E-mail: alain.boireau@generale-des-eaux.net)
***Vivendi Water - US Filter Plymouth Products, 502 Indiana Avenue, Sheboygan, WI 53081, USA
****Laboratoire des Sciences du Génie Chimique (CNRS), 1 rue Grandville, BP451, F-54001 Nancy
*****Laboratoire d'Hygiène et de Recherche en Santé Publique, 11 bis rue Gabriel Peri, BP288, F-54515 Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy
ABSTRACT
Two lead removal water filters were developed to lower lead levels in drinking water below 10  g.L-1 in order to meet the new regulation given by the European Directive 98-83, applicable in December 2013. An appropriate adsorbent was selected through a stringent research program among a wide range of media, and is composed of a synthetic zeolite and an activated carbon. Two prototypes were developed: the first is a faucet-mounted filter which contains a fixed bed of the adsorbent and a hollow fiber bundle, while the second is an under-sink cartridge made of a porous extruded block of carbon and adsorbent. Both are able to treat at least 1,000 litres of any water containing on average 100 to 150 g Pb.L-1, by lowering the lead concentration below 10 g.L-1. Once their safety considerations were addressed by an independent laboratory according to the French Ministry of Health recommendations, 20 prototypes were installed at consumers' taps in northeastern France. Their performance in terms of lead removal, HPC control and bad taste and odor reduction was followed for 6 months. This field testing program resulted in the validation of both prototypes which meet the new French Ministry of Health recommendations and assures that the filtered water is fully ED 98-83 compliant. Their commercialization will be launched first in France in middle 2002.
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