Water Supply Vol 2 No 1 pp 281–288 © IWA Publishing 2002
Innovation of conventional water treatment techniques in effluent reclamation
J.F. Kramer*, J.H.J.M. van der Graaf**, R.T. van der Velde***, E. van't Oever**** and A.A.L. van Kessel NV NUON Water Supply, P.O. Box 400, 8901 BE Leeuwarden, The Netherlands*****
* Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers, P.O. Box 233, 7400 AE Deventer, The Netherlands. (E-mail: www.witteveen+bos.nl)
**Department of Sanitary Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
*** Witteveen+Bos Consulting Engineers, P.O. Box 233, 7400 AE Deventer, The Netherlands. (E-mail: www.witteveen+bos.nl)
****Waterboard Vallei & Eem, P.O. Box 330, 3830 AJ Leusden, The Netherlands
*****
ABSTRACT
For reclamation of waste water treatment plant (wwtp) effluent, conventional water treatment techniques used in drinking water supply may be suitable. Earlier studies and experiments showed that the most promising cost-effective conventional techniques to polish wwtp effluent are coagulation and rapid multi-media filtration (direct filtration). In the past 4 years these techniques were tested in long term experiments on pilot scale (5-10 m3/h) at several waste water treatment plants in The Netherlands. For successful application of direct filtration for the removal of suspended solids and colloidal material careful consideration is needed with the coagulation conditions. However additional treatment is required to meet the standards for household and process water with respect to ammonium, colour, pathogens and (biodegradable) organic substances.
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