Water Science & Technology: Water Supply Vol 1 No 1 pp 117–124 © IWA Publishing 2001
Application of the membrane technology to control ammonia in surface water
I Koyuncu*, D Topacik**, M Turan***, MS Celik**** and HZ Sarikaya*****
*
Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department,
Ayazaga 80626, Istanbul, Turkey
**
Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department,
Ayazaga 80626, Istanbul, Turkey
***
Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department,
Ayazaga 80626, Istanbul, Turkey
****
Istanbul Technical University, Mining Engineering Department,
Ayazaga 80626 Istanbul-Turkey
*****
Istanbul Technical University, Environmental Engineering Department,
Ayazaga 80626, Istanbul, Turkey
ABSTRACT
Amnonium ion is effectively removed by Reverse Osmosis membranes (Brackish
water, BW; Saline water, SW). The removal efficiency of ammonium ion from
a solution containing ammonium ion which is not complexed is varying in
the range of 5–60%. On the contrary, ammonium ion forms complexes
with other ions in water and wastewater removal efficiency was as high
as 99% for the synthetic solution which contained a complex of iron and
ammonium ion. Elmali reservoir which is one of the water sources of the
Istanbul city is suffering from high ammonia content due to discharges
of untreated wastewater. Application of the BW membrane to Elmali
Reservoir water resulted in ammonia removal efficiency of about 95%. The
permeate ammonia concentration of 0.2 mg/l was achieved. High removal
ratio of ammonia ions in complex form is due to increased molecular
diameters of the ammonium ion complexes. Increased pH values were observed
in parallel to increase the ammonium ion concentrations when ammonium
ion was not in complex form. Ammonium ion removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH. On the other hand, when the concentration of ammonium
ion complexed with iron was increased, pH value was decreased. In parallel
to the decreasing pH, an increase of removal efficiency was observed.
Membrane types did not significantly affect the flux. No fouling problems
were observed during the test runs and thus fluxes were practically
constant throughout the experimental run. The total estimated cost of
treatment will be in the range of $0.95 to $1.06/m3 for the
investigated drinking water source.
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