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Water Practice & Technology © IWA Publishing 2008 | doi:10.2166/wpt.2008.019
Towards an improved human exposure assessment for contaminants in drinking water released by products used for domestic water distribution
Eddo J. Hoekstra
European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Health and Consumer Protection, Via E. Fermi 1, 21020 Ispra (VA), Italy
Email: eddo.hoekstra@jrc.it
ABSTRACT
Substances migrated from products or micro-organisms released from biofilms in the domestic distribution system may affect the quality of tap water. The approach to protect consumers against these possible contaminants and specifically the sampling protocol for compliance monitoring at the tap is not well described in the European Drinking Water Directive. Regulators of the member states like to have guidance. This paper describes the issue and proposes a possible approach.
Keywords: domestic distribution system; tap water; migration; microbial re-growth; sample volume; stagnation time
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