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Water Practice & Technology © IWA Publishing 2006 |
doi10.2166/wpt.2006.042
Incineration of Faecal Matter for Treatment and Sanitation
C. Niwagaba1, M. Nalubega1, B. Vinnerås2, H. Jönsson3
1Department of Civil Engineering, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
2National Veterinary Institute, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
3Department of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P. O. Box 7032, SE- 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
ABSTRACT
Incineration of faeces offers a treatment method that is useful in reducing the final quantities of faeces and toilet paper. It is also useful as a sanitation method for faeces. The aim of this work was to increase the knowledge about incineration as a treatment and sanitation method for faeces. The faecal matter used in this study contained ash used as additive material during the collection phase. The incinerated faeces/ash mixture had an ash content of 86%. It caught fire when the temperatures reached 800°C and beyond and after this, temperatures in the range of 800 to 1000 °C were recorded. The mass reduction was 15 - 36% and the organic matter was reduced by 78 - 99%. The plant nutrient content was reduced, total nitrogen by 90 - 94% and available phosphorus by 70 - 94%. Incinerating material with a dry matter (DM) of less than 90% resulted in a strong smell. When the DM was higher, the smell lessened. The reduction in mass of excreta and the possibility to re-use ashes as additives in toilets can be advantages of incineration of faeces.
Keywords: dry sanitation, ecological sanitation, faeces, incineration, nutrients, temperature
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