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Journal of Water and Health Vol 9 No 3 pp 443–457 © IWA Publishing 2011 doi:10.2166/wh.2011.146 Daily measures of microbes and human health at a non-point source marine beachAmir M. Abdelzaher, Mary E. Wright, Cristina Ortega, A. Rasem Hasan, Tomoyoki Shibata, Helena M. Solo-Gabriele, Jonathan Kish, Kelly Withum, Guoqing He, Samir M. Elmir, J. Alfredo Bonilla, Tonya D. Bonilla, Carol J. Palmer, Troy M. Scott, Jerzy Lukasik, Valerie J. Harwood, Shannon McQuaig, Christopher D. Sinigalliano, Maribeth L. Gidley, David Wanless, Lisa R. W. Plano, Anna C. Garza, Xiaofang Zhu, Jill R. Stewart, Jerold W. Dickerson, Helen Yampara-Iquise, Charles Carson, Jay M. Fleisher and Lora E. FlemingNSF NIEHS Oceans and Human Health Center, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway Miami, FL 33149, USA E-mail: hmsolo@miami.eduNorthern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115, USA Miami Dade County Health Department, 1725 NW 167 St., Miami, FL 33056, USA Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology,University of Florida, 2015 SW 16th Ave Gainesville, FL 32608, USA BCS Laboratories Inc., 4842 SW 74th Court, Miami, FL 33155, USA BCS Laboratories Inc., 4641 NW 6th St. Suite C, Gainesville, FL 32609, USA Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, SCA110, Tampa, FL 33620, USA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories, Ocean Chemistry Division, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy., Miami, FL 33149, USA Departments of Pediatrics and Microbiology & Immunology, University of Miami, 1600 N.W. 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA Division of Applied Marine Physics, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA NOAA National Ocean Service, Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, Charleston, 219 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412-9110, USA Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, 135 Dauer Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7431, USA Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins, Columbia, MO 65211 Department of Public Health, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 S. University Drive, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA Department of Epidemiology & Public Health and Marine Biology & Fisheries University of Miami,4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA ABSTRACT Studies evaluating the relationship between microbes and human health at non-point source beaches are necessary for establishing criteria which would protect public health while minimizing economic burdens. The objective of this study was to evaluate water quality and daily cumulative health effects (gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory illnesses) for bathers at a non-point source subtropical marine recreational beach in order to better understand the inter-relationships between these factors and hence improve monitoring and pollution prevention techniques. Daily composite samples were collected, during the Oceans and Human Health Beach Exposure Assessment and Characterization Health Epidemiologic Study conducted in Miami (Florida, USA) at a non-point source beach, and analyzed for several pathogens, microbial source tracking markers, indicator microbes, and environmental parameters. Analysis demonstrated that rainfall and tide were more influential, when compared to other environmental factors and source tracking markers, in determining the presence of both indicator microbes and pathogens. Antecedent rainfall and F+ coliphage detection in water should be further assessed to confirm their possible association with skin and gastrointestinal (GI) illness outcomes, respectively. The results of this research illustrate the potential complexity of beach systems characterized by non-point sources, and how more novel and comprehensive approaches are needed to assess beach water quality for the purpose of protecting bather health. Keywords: beach; epidemiology; health; marine; microbes; non-point eProduct: Buy this article for £24.00 (IWA MEMBER PRICE: £18.00) All prices include VAT. For customers where VAT should not be applied, the VAT amount will be removed upon payment |
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