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Journal of Water and Health Vol 07 No 4 pp 581–589 © IWA Publishing 2009 doi:10.2166/wh.2009.116 Enteric illness risks before and after water treatment improvementsFloyd J. Frost, Kristine Tollestrup, Melissa Roberts, Twila R. Kunde, Gunther F. Craun and Lucy HarterLovelace Clinic Foundation, 2309 Renard Pl. SE, Suite 103, 87106, Albuquerque NM, 87106, USALovelace Respiratory Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Drive SE, Albuquerque NM, 87108, USA Aurora Health Care, 945 North 12th St, Milwaukee WI, 53233, USA Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of New Mexico, MSC09 5040, 2400 Tucker NE, Albuquerque NM, 87131-0001, USA Tel.: Gunther F. Craun & Associates, 14 Madison Place, Staunton VA, 24401, USA 14032 Old Vashon Hwy, Vashon, WA, 98013, USA ABSTRACT This study evaluated whether occurrence of acute gastrointestinal illnesses declined after filtration and ozonation were added to a previously unfiltered, chlorinated high-quality surface water source in a northwest United States city. Enteric and other illnesses were recorded for two 6-month periods for control and intervention sites in the same city. During phase 1, chlorinated, unfiltered drinking water for both sites was obtained from protected watersheds. During phase 2, the intervention site received chlorinated, filtered and ozonated drinking water. The water was not altered in the control site. No overall differences were found in the risk of any of the illnesses after the new water treatment plant was completed. There was a significantly increased risk of diarrhoea and highly credible gastrointestinal illness in participants with three or more episodes of the same type of illness during phase 1. Keywords: cryptosporidiosis; gastrointestinal diseases epidemiology; natural immunity; water supply standards PAY-PER-VIEW: Buy this article for £23.5 (IWA MEMBER PRICE: £17.63) - All prices include VAT |
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