J Water Health 03 (2005) 129-138
Recreational water quality in the Caspian Sea
Katherine R. Pond, Aidan A. Cronin and Steve Pedley
Robens Centre for Public and Environmental Health, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK, Tel: +44 1483 879935, Fax: +44 1483 879971, E-mail: k.pond@surrey.ac.uk
Robens Centre for Public and Environmental Health, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK, Tel: +44 1483 879935, Fax: +44 1483 879971, E-mail: k.pond@surrey.ac.uk
Robens Centre for Public and Environmental Health, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK, Tel: +44 1483 879935, Fax: +44 1483 879971, E-mail: k.pond@surrey.ac.uk
ABSTRACT
Health-based monitoring of the Caspian Sea in Turkmenistan and Iran suggests that bathers are intermittently subject to increased levels of faecal pollution which may lead to gastrointestinal illness. This is the first co-ordinated monitoring programme of recreational waters in the Caspian region and highlights the need to extend such a programme to all countries bordering the Caspian Sea. The novel approach of monitoring that combines risk assessment (water quality monitoring plus a sanitary survey) and risk management, as applied here, allows the identification of possible sources of pollution and the levels of microbiological risk that bathers are subject to. Hence, this allows suitable management interventions to be identified and implemented in the long term.
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